{"id":21,"date":"2014-12-02T22:00:56","date_gmt":"2014-12-02T21:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cvraiz.com\/?page_id=21"},"modified":"2024-06-08T16:59:42","modified_gmt":"2024-06-08T15:59:42","slug":"sources","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cvraiz.com\/?page_id=21","title":{"rendered":"Sources"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In order to prepare for this website I have read many books, papers and articles dealing with Cape Verdean related history as well as genetics. Too many to list all of them here. So <strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">I\u2019ll just mention the ones that proved to be the most valuable for this website<\/span><\/strong>. However see this link for a very extensive bibliography!<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lirecapvert.org\/bibliographies.html#Cd0GaLEc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bibliography of Cape Verdean History<\/a> (Lire CapVert)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Starting off with four internationally acclaimed Cape Verdean writers. <span style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">The first three being actual <\/span><span style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\"> Cape Verde-born traders from the 16th and 17th century! Pretty much unique in that way because they provide first hand contemporary testimony! Their work is essential and highly recommended for anyone wanting to know about the history and ethnography of Upper Guinea from that period. Fourth one is a must have classic by the most productive and most frequently internationally referenced modernday Cape Verdean historian: Antonio Carreira.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cTratado breve dos rios de Guin\u00e9 do Cabo Verde\u201d, Andr\u00e9 Alvares d&#8217;Almada (1594) (<a href=\"https:\/\/search.library.wisc.edu\/digital\/AQ2XQZT2FQE3VB8C\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Available online<\/a>,\u00a0\u00a0English translation, see <a href=\"https:\/\/ia600701.us.archive.org\/19\/items\/tratadobrevedosr00alma\/tratadobrevedosr00alma.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this link<\/a> for the Portuguese version).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cDescri\u00e7\u00e3o da Serra Leoa e dos rios de Guin\u00e9 do Cabo Verde\u201d, Andr\u00e9 Donelha (1625).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cDescription of the Coast of Guinea\u201d, Francisco de Lemos Coelho (1684).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cCabo Verde: forma\u00e7\u00e3o e extin\u00e7\u00e3o de uma sociedade escravocrata (1460-1878)\u201d, Ant\u00f3nio Carreira (1972).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This 3-volume work is also priceless. Most up to date summary of Cape Verdean history, very well documented and available online!<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cHist\u00f3ria Geral de Cabo Verde\u201d, various authors (1991, 1995, 2002) (<a href=\"http:\/\/memoria-africa.ua.pt\/Library\/HGCV.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Available\u00a0Online<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Another 3-volume work. Very detailed description of the centuries-old Cabo Verde-Guin\u00e9 nexus, as well as the role played by Cape Verdean &amp; Luso African (&#8220;Lan\u00e7ado\u201d) traders and their regional networks in Upper Guinean history.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;Landlords and Strangers: Ecology, Society, and Trade in Western Africa, 1000-1630&#8221;, George E. Brooks, (1993).<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Eurafricans In Western Africa: Commerce Social Status Gender &amp; Religious Observance&#8221;, George E. Brooks, (2003).<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Western Africa and Cabo Verde, 1790s-1830s: Symbiosis of Slave and Legitimate Trades&#8221;, George E. Brooks, (2010).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pioneering work in English language by a Guyanese historian.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0\u201cHistory of the Upper Guinea Coast: 1545-1800\u201d, Walter Rodney (1970).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The following book by a Dutch researcher also offers invaluable insights in how the various ethnic groups living in Guin\u00e9 Bissau were involved with and impacted by the slave trade:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Silences and Soundbytes: the gendered dynamics of trade and brokerage in the pre-colonial Guinea Bissau region, Philip Jan Havik (2004).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>More recent work by an English historian. Much focus on Cape Verde and it creolization process but also very important for a proper understanding of the early slave trade to the Spanish Carribean.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe Rise of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade in Western Africa, 1300\u20131589\u201d, Toby Green (2012)<\/p>\n<p>Dissertation by a Cape Verdean American offering many fresh perspectives.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0\u201cTransformation of &#8216;Old&#8217; Slavery Into Atlantic Slavery: Cape Verde Islands, c.1500-1879\u201d, Lumumba H. Shabaka (2013) (<a href=\"http:\/\/etd.lib.msu.edu\/islandora\/object\/etd%3A1921\/datastream\/OBJ\/view\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Available online<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Also this article is incredibly well researched and highly important for understanding the ethnic origins of not only Peruvian slaves but also other Afro-descendants in Latin Americans as well as Cape Verdeans themselves.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cEthnic Origins of Peruvian Slaves (1584-1650). Figures From Upper Guinea.\u201d, Paideuma, (39), 57-110, \u00a0Stephan B\u00fchnen (1993).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Finally in 2016 the historian David Wheat wrote an extremely insightful book describing the Spanish Caribbean as an extension of the Luso-African Atlantic world, incl. Cape Verde! A very precious source to gain ethnic-specific understanding of Cape Verde\u2019s Upper Guinean roots within this particular period.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cAtlantic Africa and the Spanish Caribbean, 1570-1640\u201d (D. Wheat, 2016)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For those who understand Portuguese\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>this RTP documentary series is highly recommended viewing<\/strong><\/span>! It is focused on explaining the early settlement history of Cape Verde. In particular the island of Santiago and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/news\/527\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ribeira Grande\/Cidade Velha<\/a>. But it also deals with how the Barlavento islands were increasingly settled in the 1600\u2019s\/1700\u2019s by people with freed status from both Fogo and Santiago. Fleeing recurring droughts, in search of new farming land but also a less oppressive social regime. The first episode is with a Portuguese archaeologist. The second and third episode feature well known Cape Verdean historian\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.anacao.cv\/noticia\/2022\/01\/13\/noite-escravocrata-madrugada-camponesa-e-o-novo-livro-de-antonio-correia-e-silva\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Antonio Correia e Silva<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rtp.pt\/play\/p11619\/e684197\/visita-guiada?fbclid=IwAR1gaRBizr73Gm0HYHYlWFavS4NymmgT-ktwhy7G9xBQAhy_m2hplYOApEs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contexto Hist\u00f3rico da Descoberta e Povoamento de Cabo Verde<\/a>\u00a0(RTP, 2023)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rtp.pt\/play\/p11619\/e685624\/visita-guiada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Estrat\u00e9gia para o Povoamento de Cabo Verde e seus Desenvolvimentos<\/a>\u00a0(RTP, 2023)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rtp.pt\/play\/p11619\/e687222\/visita-guiada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cabo Verde: Uma Identidade Singular \u2013 Ilha De Santiago<\/a>\u00a0(RTP, 2023)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cvraiz.com\/?page_id=29\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-113 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/cvraiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/next.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cvraiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/next.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cvraiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/next-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In order to prepare for this website I have read many books, papers and articles dealing with Cape Verdean related [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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